U WIRA THU “တစ္ႏုိင္ငံလံုး အတုိင္းအတာျဖင့္ အမ်ဳိးဘာသာ သာသနာ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔မ်ား ဖြဲ႔စည္းေတာ့မည္”

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“တစ္ႏုိင္ငံလံုး အတုိင္းအတာျဖင့္ အမ်ဳိးဘာသာ သာသနာ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔မ်ား ဖြဲ႔စည္းေတာ့မည္” ================================================= ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံတြင္ ျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ့ေသာ ပဋိပကၡမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ႏွစ္ဦးႏွစ္ဘက္ဆံုးရႈံး နစ္နာမႈမ်ားကုိ မရႈျမင္ မခံစားႏုိင္ေသာ ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးမ်ားက ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ တည္ၿငိမ္ေအးခ်မ္းေရးႏွင့္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာ အတူယွဥ္တြဲ ေနထုိင္ႏုိင္ေရးတုိ႔အတြက္ လူထုအေျချပဳ ေဟာေျပာပြဲမ်ားတြင္ အသိပညာေပးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျပန္႔ လုပ္ႏုိင္ရန္ ရည္သန္လ်က္ “ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလံုးဆုိင္ရာ အမ်ဳိးဘာသာ သာသနာ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ႀကီး” ဖြဲ႔စည္းေရး အႀကဳိအစည္းအေဝးတစ္ရပ္ က်င္းပခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းေဒသႀကီး၊ အင္းစိန္ၿမဳိ႕နယ္၊ ရြာမပရိယတၱိ စာသင္တုိက္၊ ပဓာန နာယက တုိက္အုပ္ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီး၏ စံေက်ာင္းေတာ္တြင္ ၆-၅-၂၀၁၃ မြန္းလြဲ ၁း၃၀ နာရီ၌ က်င္းပခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ အင္းစိန္ရြာမပရိယတၱိ စာသင္တုိက္၊ ဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီး ဘဒၵႏၲတိေလာကာဘိဝံသ၊ မရမ္းကုန္းၿမဳိ႕နယ္၊ စံျပသာသနာျပဳေက်ာင္း ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီး ဘဒၵႏၲေကာသလႅ၊ တိပိဋကဓရ တိပိဋကေကာဝိဒ ဆရာေတာ္မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကေသာ ေမာ္ကၽြန္းဆရာေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲသီလကၡႏၶာဘိဝံသ၊ ရမၼာဝတီဆရာေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲဣႏၵပါလ၊ ဓမၼဒူတ ဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္ပညာဝရ (မုဒုံ)၊ မစုိးရိမ္တုိက္သစ္ဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္ဝီရသူႏွင့္ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ား၊ ဧည့္ပရိသတ္မ်ား တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ အမ်ဳိးဘာသာ သာသနာ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရး အဖြဲ႔ႀကီးကုိ တစ္ႏုိင္ငံလံုး အတုိင္းအတာျဖင့္ တည္ေဆာက္ဖြဲ႔စည္းႏုိင္ရန္…. အင္းစိန္ရြာမ ဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီးက စာသင္တုိက္ႀကီးမ်ား၏ အဓိပတိဆရာေတာ္မ်ားကိုလည္းေကာင္း၊ ေမာ္ကၽြန္းဆရာေတာ္ႏွင့္ ရမၼာဝတီဆရာေတာ္တုိ႔က ၾသဇာတိကၠမ ႀကီးမားေသာ ေထရ္ႀကီး ဝါႀကီး ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးမ်ားႏွင့္ တိပိဋကဓရ တိပိဋကေကာဝိဒ ဆရာေတာ္မ်ားကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ အရွင္ပညာဝရႏွင့္ အရွင္ဝီရသူတုိ႔က ႏုိင္ငံေက်ာ္ဓမၼကထိက ဆရာေတာ္မ်ားကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ ပါဝင္ကူညီ ေဆာင္ရြက္ႏုိင္ေစရန္ ဖိတ္ၾကားေလွ်ာက္ထားသြားမည့္ တာဝန္အသီးသီးကုိ သတ္မွတ္ခြဲေဝ ခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ထုိသုိ႔ ဖြဲ႔စည္းေဆာင္ရြက္ရာတြင္ အမ်ဳိးဘာသာ သာသနာ အေစာ္ကားမခံရေစရန္ႏွင့္ ႏွစ္ဦးႏွစ္ဘက္လံုး အၾကမ္းဖက္နည္းကုိ မသံုးၾကဘဲ တရားဥပေဒျဖင့္သာ ေျဖရွင္းၾကရန္ အဓိကထား စည္းရံုးေဟာေျပာၾကမည္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရပါသည္။

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PRESS RELEASE : EMBASSY OF CHINA: REPORTS OF WEAPON TRANSFER UNFOUNDED AND MISLEADING

ေမလ ၁ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ အစမ္း ထုတ္ေ၀ခဲ့ေသာ The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာတြင္ “၀”သို႔ တရုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွ စစ္ရ ဟတ္ ယာဥ္ ေပးပို႔ခဲ့ျခင္းအား “၀”ဘက္မွ ျငင္းဆို သတင္းကို ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည့္ အတြက္ Eleven Media Gorup ကို ျပင္းျပင္း ထန္ထန္ မေက်နပ္ေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာ ႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တရုတ္သံရံုးမွ ေမလ ၇ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ေၾကညာခ်က္ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ေၾကညာခ်က္ အျပည့္အစံုမွာ ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ေၾကညာခ်က္ (အဂၤလိပ္မူ)
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သတင္းစာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္အား ထိပါးသည့္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔ သမၼတႏိုင္ငံ သံ႐ံုး၏ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ကို The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာမွ ျပန္ၾကားခ်က္Tuesday, 07 May 2013 18:31၁။ ယေန႔ ေမလ ၇ ရက္ ေန႔စြဲျဖင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တ႐ုတ္သံ႐ံုးက သတင္းထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ (Press Release) တစ္ေစာင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ ၎ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္တြင္ ေမလ ၁ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ အစမ္းထုတ္ေ၀ေသာ The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာပါ “၀” သို႔ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွ စစ္ရဟတ္ယာဥ္မ်ား ေပးပို႔ခဲ့သည့္သတင္း မဟုတ္မွန္ေၾကာင္း “၀” ျငင္းဆို ဆိုသည့္သတင္းႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ျပင္းျပင္းထန္ထန္ မေက်နပ္ေၾကာင္း ကန္႔ကြက္စာ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ Continue reading “PRESS RELEASE : EMBASSY OF CHINA: REPORTS OF WEAPON TRANSFER UNFOUNDED AND MISLEADING”

The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာမွ ျပန္ၾကားခ်က္

 

သတင္းစာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္အား ထိပါးသည့္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔ သမၼတႏိုင္ငံ သံ႐ံုး၏ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ကို The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာမွ ျပန္ၾကားခ်က္
ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔ သမၼတႏိုင္ငံ သံ႐ံုး၏ သတင္းစာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္အား ထိပါးသည့္ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ကို The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာမွ ျပန္ၾကားခ်က္

၁။ ယေန႔ ေမလ ၇ ရက္ ေန႔စြဲျဖင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ တ႐ုတ္သံ႐ံုးက သတင္းထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ (Press Release) တစ္ေစာင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ ၎ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္တြင္ ေမလ ၁ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ အစမ္းထုတ္ေ၀ေသာ The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာပါ “၀” သို႔ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွ စစ္ရဟတ္ယာဥ္မ်ား ေပးပို႔ခဲ့သည့္သတင္း မဟုတ္မွန္ေၾကာင္း “၀” ျငင္းဆို ဆိုသည့္သတင္းႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ျပင္းျပင္းထန္ထန္ မေက်နပ္ေၾကာင္း ကန္႔ကြက္စာ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါသည္။

၂။ ၎စာပါ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႔ သတင္းစာအား ေသခ်ာစြာ ဖတ္႐ႈေလ့လာျခင္း မရွိဘဲ စြပ္စြဲေရးသားထားျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ မိမိတို႔ သတင္းသည္ ခိုင္မာေသာ သတင္းရင္းျမစ္ အမ်ားအျပားကို (Multiple Sources) အေျချပဳ ေရးသားထားျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး “၀” ဘက္မွလည္း ျငင္းဆိုထားေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။ ၎သတင္း မွန္ကန္သည္ဟု သတင္းစာအာေဘာ္ အေနႏွင့္ ထည့္သြင္းထားျခင္း မရွိပါ။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ တ႐ုတ္သံ႐ံုးမွ စြပ္စြဲထားေသာ စာဖတ္သူမ်ား အထင္လြဲမွားသြားေစႏိုင္သည္ဟု အခ်က္မွာ မွားယြင္းပါသည္။

၃။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ေမလ ၁ ရက္ေန႔က စမ္းသပ္ထုတ္ေ၀ေသာ သတင္းစာပါ သတင္းအား တစ္ပတ္ၾကာမွ ေၾကညာစာ ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ျခင္းအတြက္ မိမိတို႔မွ မ်ားစြာ အံ့ၾသမိပါသည္။

၄။ ေမလ ၇ ရက္ေန႔ထုတ္ သတင္းစာပါ ကူမင္း-ေက်ာက္ျဖဴ ရထားလမ္းက တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွ အလံုးစံု ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ေက်ာက္ျဖဴဆိပ္ကမ္းအား တ႐ုတ္တို႔ဘက္မွ အလံုးစံု ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ ရရွိသြားပါက ႏိုင္ငံ၏ အခ်ဳပ္အျခာ ထိခိုက္ႏိုင္သည္ဆိုေသာ အခ်က္မွာ The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာ၏ အာေဘာ္အမွန္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံ အစိုးရသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ အခ်ဳပ္ျခာအာဏာႏွင့္ နယ္ေျမတည္တံ့ေရးကို အေလးထားသည့္ အခ်က္အား ႀကိဳဆိုအပ္ပါသည္။

၅။ တ႐ုတ္အစိုးရ အေနျဖင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ အခ်ဳပ္အျခာကို ေလးစားသည္ ဆိုပါက ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္ႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ကိုလည္း ေလးစားသင့္ပါသည္။ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ တ႐ုတ္သံ႐ံုးမွ ျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ သတင္းစာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ (Freedom of Press) အား ထိပါးႏိုင္သည့္ “ျပင္းျပင္းထန္ထန္ မေက်နပ္ေၾကာင္း ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ျခင္း” မွာ ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ား၏ အခြင့္အေရးႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္အား ထိပါးရာေရာက္ေၾကာင္း အသိေပးအပ္ပါသည္။

၆။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္ (Freedom of Press) ကို ထိပါးေစသည့္ အေရးအသားမ်ားပါေသာ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံ သံ႐ံုး၏ ေၾကညာခ်က္အား The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာမွ ျပင္းထန္စြာ ကန္႔ကြက္အပ္ပါသည္။

အယ္ဒီတာအဖြဲ႔
The Daily Eleven သတင္းစာ

Burma army torches Shan rebel base

07 MAY 2013 18:41 KP

On 3 May, a unit of Burma Army while searching for their men inside the Restoration Council of Shan State / Shan State Army (RCSS/SSA) base, torched it to ashes next day, resulting in anger by Shan troops under the command of Task Force 701 based in the Nam Mao (Shweli) valley region, according to local news sources.

“Their [Burma Army] men were reported missing. Burma army officials from Muse informed us that they wanted to search for their men in the RCSS base. So, we ordered our troops to stay away. As they entered the camp, they acted as though staging a raid and set fire the base afterward. Our men are very angry now. As the ceasefire agreement is still in existence we had decided to uphold the truce, not retaliating. Now we realize that the agreement is not working. If they [Burma Army] continue intruding our bases in the future, we will shoot without warning,” said the RCSS/SSA 701 base commander.

rcss_north

Four ethnic Burmans were said to be selling portrait pictures of Gen. Aung San, Aung San SuuKyi and other high profile people and were later reported as missing in the fourth week of April. The Burma Army accused that SSA has detained them and demanded their release.

The RCSS/SSA responded by saying as they had not arrested them, “there was no one to release.” Muse district based Burma Army Operations Command later requested that they wanted to search the RCSS Tuengkha base. Upon RCSS agreement to be searched, the Burma Army raided the RCSS camp but found no detainees. Next day early morning on 4 May, they torched the base and left, according to the local news sources. Continue reading “Burma army torches Shan rebel base”

Burmese troops sneak into UWSA area

 07 MAY 2013 18:33 MAWN
A Burma Army patrol had recently trespassed on the United Wa State Army (UWSA) controlled area in Eastern Shan State, according to the local news sources.

“The patrol from Mongkhark based Infantry Battalion (IB) 281 crossed the Nam Lwe and trespassed on our 468th Brigade area. We had gone to intercept them as soon as we were informed, but they had already escaped across the river. We don’t know why they came,” a commander from the UWSA said.

According to the locals, they are from Pang Kay military camp of Infantry Battalion 281 which is based in upper Wan Nam Hook between Mongyang Township and Mongkhark Township, Kengtung District.

“They came to the 468th Brigade area at Htam Mon, which is situated across the Nam Lwe, west of Mongyang. Although we don’t know their purpose exactly, it could have been 3 reasons: 1) because of orders from the Tactical Operations Command’s, 2) to extort the villagers, and 3) to inspect our military camps,” an officer from the 468th Brigade commented.

An unconfirmed report said that the Burma Army is planning to attack the UWSA either from Shan State Army (SSA) North’s controlled area or the Mongla based National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA), that shares its border with the UWSA on the upper Nam Lwe. Meanwhile, the Jane’s Intelligence report on April 29, quoting ethnic sources, claims the UWSA to has obtained 5 helicopter gunships from the Chinese government to enhance its defense capability from the Burma Army’s attacks.

panglong org news

MYANMAR-BURMA Yangon Tourist Police press release 7.may 2013

TOURIST POLCE MYANMAR
TOURIST POLCE MYANMAR

PRESS RELEASE – 
YANGON POLICE LAUNCH PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGN TO COMBAT CRIMES INVOLVING TOURISTS
Yangon, Myanmar 7 May 2013 – Yangon Police today kicked off a public information campaign to inform visitors and tourists about the dangers of dealing with illegal “Black Market” money changers. Assisted by Civilian Police Advisor Mark Wilson from Nation First International Development Asia, officers from Yangon Central Kyauktada station visited hotels in the downtown area most frequented by foreign guests to the city. The combined team spoke to hotel managers and security staff and passed out information flyers asking tourists and visitors to refrain from using illegal money changers and instead go to authorized money changer shops and banks.
“Thefts by Black Market money changers is the number one crime reported to the Police by tourists,” said Police Second Lieutenant Tun Naing Zaw of Kyauktada station. “We are asking visitors and tourists to say ‘No Thank You’ when approached on the street by these men. These street men are operating outside the law and in many cases they offer a great exchange rate but they cheat the customer by giving the wrong change. This often results in the tourist reporting to the Police that they have had money stolen,” concluded Zaw.
“If we can convince just one tourist to say, ‘No Thank You’ to an illegal money changer then we consider that a potential crime avoided and that is a win for the police and a win for tourism in Myanmar,” said Wilson who is a Civilian Police Advisor mentoring the Yangon Police and Yangon Tourist Police. Wilson added, “There are numerous banks and authorized money changing shops in the downtown area and some banks have ATMs that accept MasterCard and Visa for Kyats.”
Police urge all visitors to avoid dealing with Black Market money changers. If a tourist does become the victim of a crime they are requested to come to the Central Kyauktada Police Station on Sule Pagoda road (across from Traders Hotel) or call 01 37 1054. Reports can also be taken at the Yagon Tourist Police Station on Pansodan Road (across from the High Court building) or call the tourist Police at 01 37 8479.
The Police also passed out flyers talked to foreign tourists in the area of Sule Pagoda and Yangon City Hall. This public information campaign is collaboration between the Yangon Police, the Yangon Tourist Police, Tourism Transparency and Nation First International Development Asia. These organizations are also available to speak to or brief tour groups arriving or transiting Yangon.

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Tourists can change money at authorized Money Changer Shops, Banks and many ATMS using Mastercard and Visa. Black Market money changers are breaking the law and Police are watching them. Don’t be the victim of a crime
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Chin leaders say they will compile an “actual” list of Chin ethnic groups living in their respective state.

EMG CREDIT

Chin leaders say they will compile an “actual” list of Chin ethnic groups living in their respective state.

Myanmar government officially recognized 135 distinct ethnic groups that are grouped into eight “major national ethnic races” such as Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Bamar, Rakhine and Shan.

Chin political leaders say the Chin national ethnic race doesn’t actually include 53 ethnic groups as it’s officially acknowledged by the government.

“Some can’t even be accepted as ethnic groups as they hardly exist. We will compile an actual list to submit to the government,” said Nge Pee, the secretary for Chin National Party.

The compilation process is expected to begin late in this year. And all political groups in the state will soon hold a conference which may produce a paper related to the issue.

“We will try to reach agreement by all. The processes will began only after we are all in agreement,” he added.

Zomi Democratic Party, an officially registered political party from Chin had faced problems at first while registering as it’s not included in the national recognized list.

“Chin State has no Chin people who say “I am a Chin!” within the state. For example, we say we’re Zomis. They’ll say they’re Laimis in Hakha and Falam, and Khumis in Mindat and Matupi,” said Pugin Kamlian, the general secretary for Zomi Democratic Party.

Thousands of Chins are scattered across the country, some 500,000 Chins living in their state and other 600,000 Chins living in the lowlands of Myanmar.

 

ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးေသာဘိတ အားSix Muslims Charged with Monk’s Murder in Meikhtila Violence

SOURCE KO JOHN

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ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးေသာဘိတ အား အရွင္လတ္လတ္ လည္လွီး သတ္ျဖတ္လိုက္ရေသာေၾကာင့္ ၿပံဳးေပ်ာ္ ၊ ဂုဏ္ယူ ဝင့္ၾကြားေနၾကသည့္ အစၥလမ္ဘာသာဝင္ ၇၈၆ မြတ္စလင္ ကုလားဆိုးမ်ား

ကြ်န္ေတာ္ဒို႔ ႏိုင္ငံက ဆန္ကိုစား ကြ်န္ေတာ္ဒို႔ ႏိုင္ငံက ေရကိုေသာက္ကာ ဘာမွမဆိုင္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာ ခရီးသြားေနေသာ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးေသာဘိတ အား ဓါးနွင့္ခုတ္ ၊ ဗလီထဲ ဆြဲသြင္းၿပီး { ဗမာေတြ လည္ေခ်ာင္းေသြးနဲ႔ ေခ်ေဆးၾကေဟ့ } ဟု ေအာ္ဟစ္ကာ အရွင္လတ္လတ္ လည္လွီး သတ္ျဖတ္ၿပီး ၊ ဓါတ္ဆီေလာင္း မီးရႈိခဲ့ေသာ ေခြးေလာက္မွ အရာမေရာက္သည့္ ျပည္ပဒလံ အစၥလမ္ဘာသာဝင္ ၇၈၆ မြတ္စလင္ ေလာက္ေကာင္ ကုလားဆိုးတို႔၏ ေစာ္ကားသမွ်ကို မ်က္ကြယ္ျပဳ လစ္လ်ဴရွဳ မေနသင့္ေတာ့ေခ်။

( ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးေသာဘိတ အား သတ္ျဖတ္ခဲ့သည့္ တရားခံမ်ား တရားရံုးမွ အျပန္ ၿပံဳးေပ်ာ္ ၊ ဂုဏ္ယူ ဝင့္ၾကြားစြာျဖင့္ ေလွကားမွ ဆင္းလာေနၾကေသာ ဓါတ္ပံု )

US schools accepts Myanmar students

6.MAY 2013 CREDIT EMG

Community colleges in the US are now accepting Myanmar high school graduates to study in their campus without requiring any other diplomas, according to Myanmar Telesis Education Agency.

The agency said that Myanmar students who wish to study undergraduate courses are now able to choose any major of interest. The student must have average 70 percent points on entrance examination of the applied school.

A student who passed the exam has to study two years collage courses in community collages for Associate Degrees. Then he may transfer to University for Bachelor Degree. After bachelor degree, a student can also continue learning in postgraduate programs.

The American University introduced Dual Degree Program for Myanmar thirty years ago.